Absorption words or also often called loan words are words that come from a foreign language that has been integrated into a language and is generally accepted for use in both formal and informal situation. Indonesian itself has absorbed many words from other languages, especially those that have had direct contact with the archipelago, either through trade such as Sanskrit, Chinese, Arabic, or through colonialism such as Portuguese, Dutch, Japanese, or because of the development of science such as English. 

Absorption words have a function to enrich the variety of Indonesian and provide knowledge about foreign languages to Indonesian users. In this case, one of the words that are widely absorbed in Indonesian are words from English. 

Absorption of a foreign word into Indonesian vocabulary requires several processes. These types of absorption words based on the absorption process include adoption, adaptation, and collection. 

  • Adoption is the process of absorbing foreign vocabulary that has the same meaning in Indonesian without changing the spelling, pronunciation, and writing at all. Examples of loanwords from English that are undergoing a process of adoption are bus, data, film, golf, internet, radio and many more. 
  • Adaptation is the process of absorbing foreign words that are used because they have the same meaning in Indonesian, but the word has undergone changes in spelling, pronunciation, and writing in accordance with Indonesian rules. The examples of loan words from English that go through the adaptation process are business adapted from the word business, actor adapted from the word actor, book adapted from the word book and many more. 
  • The process of absorption of foreign words with fees occurs because the user takes the basic concepts that exist in his native language. After that, the word is searched for its translation in Indonesian.